Burner



Aug. 16, 1927.

S. G. LONG I BURNER Filed July 1925 Patented Aug. 16, 1927.

UNITED STATES SHERMAN G. LONG, 01? PEORIA, ILLINOIS.

BURNER.

Application filed July 30, 1925. Serial No. 47,008.

My invention relates in particular to burners using liquid fuel such as is ordinarily termed fuel oil.

One object of my invention is the provision of a device which will operate properly using a liquid hydro-carbon fuel and without wicks, blowers, or other devices such as are ordinarily used on burners uslng fuel oil.

Another object of my invention is the provision of an air supply and control whereby the proper amount of air will be admitted at the proper place to provide for proper combustion of the fuel.

Other objects of my invention will appear and be described in the specification.

The novelty will be hereinafter more fully set forth and specifically pointed out in the claims.

In the accompanying drawing:

Fig. 1 is a side view of a device embodying my invention, partly in section and partly broken away. 7

Fig. 2 is a plan view of a portion of the air distributing means.

Fig. 3 is a section of the fuel feeding tube, the sectionbeing taken at the fuel delivery ports thereof.

The same numerals of reference are used to indicate identical parts in the various figures.

As illustrating one form of device embodying my invention, tho without limiting myself to the precise details of construction, or arrangements of parts shown in the drawing, but availing myself of all changes and modifications which may be made within the scope of the appended claims, I have shown a device mounted in a more or less diagrammatic representation of a heater comprising a fire pot 1, above which a dome 2 is mounted, the latter carrying a portion 3 to which the flue or stack, not shown, is connected, the stack serving as a means to produce the necessary draft for the burner.

The fire pot 1 rests upon a base 4, upon which it is centered by means of a rib 5, the latter carrying an upstanding portion 6, which provides a cavity to receive cement to make the joint between the parts air An air supply pipe 7 which is substantially semi-circular in plan, is connected to base 4 and at about the center of the pipe 7 an inlet. opening 8 is provided through which the air used by the burner enters the pipe 7. The two ends of the pipe 7 are turned upwardly and termlnate 1n connections 9 to which the two ends of a substantial U-shaped pipe 10 is connected, as by the flange connections and bolts 11.

\Vhere the U-shaped pipe 10 passes through the walls of the fire pot 1 and dome 2, flanges 12 are provided, which co-operate with the sides of the openings through which the pipe 10 passes to form cavities to receive cement to make an air tight joint at these points.

The pipe 10 turns downwardly at the center of its horizontal portion to form an outlet 13, over which a gland 14 is secured as by bolts 15.

The description so far is of those parts which are necessary and incident to the operation of the burner, but do not constitute parts of the burner itself, which I will now describe.

A fuel feed pipe 15 leads from any suitable source of supply of fuel and is connected as by union 16 with the fuel tube 17 which is secured in the base member of the burner 18. The upper end of the fuel tube 17 is preferably pointed as shown and a short distance below this point the tube is slotted as at 19, the slots connecting with the center bore of the tube and, when the tube is attached to the burner base, these slots lie within acounter bore 20 in the base 18.

The base 18 comprises essentially a generating well 21, and angularly arranged flange 22 and a drip pan 23 from which a passage leads to the drip pipe 24, the latter passing downwardly through the base 4 and returning to a drip receptacle or an automatic fuel shut off device to stop the flow of fuel through the feed pipe 15 not shown.

To accommodate inaccuracies of manufacture as well as to provide for the leveling of the burner base, the lower surface of the latter is mounted and rests in a concaved washer 25, the latter resting upon the upper surface of the base 4, and a convex washer 26 is mounted below the base 4 and co-operates with a concave washer 27 against which the lock nut 28 bears, the latter being carried by the tube 17. It will be noted that the opening through the base 4, through which the tube 17 passes is very materially larger than the tube and it will be seen that by the arrangement of the concave and convex washer, the burner base 18 may be shifted to any position and levelled in any position within the range afforded by the size of the hole through the base 4. To accommodate the shifting and leveling just described the drain tube 2% also passes through a large hole in the base 4 and carries a washer 29 which is pressed against the underneath side of the base 4 by an expansion spring 30, a collar 31 being provided on the tube as an abutment for the spring 30.

By the construction just described it will be seen that as the base 18 is moved or adjusted, the tube 2 1 follows it and the opening through which this tube passes is kept substantially air ti ht by the washer 29.

The upper end of the well 21 carries a washer 32 which has a plurality of depending arms 33, the latter carrying a centering ring 34, through which the downwardly projecting tube of the burner cap passes.v this tube carrying a collar 36 which co-operates with the washer 32 to form an annular opening through which the mixture of fuel and air escapes from the well 21.

The tube is carried by the cap 37 which secured on the lower end of the gland 14.. The .cap 37 is provided with a number of concentric depending skirt-s 38, each of which is beveled outwardly and clownwardly to form comparatively sharp edges as clearly shown. Air passages 39 are formed through the wall above the skirts 38 to permit a part of the air passing through the gland 1 1, to pass to the spaces between the skirts 38.

As a preferred method of constructing the cap 37 I have shown it to he provided with a number of radially arranged ribs lO which carry the concentric rings which form the skirts 38, these ribs terminating at their inner ends, in a hub 41 which carries the tube 35 and also an upwardly projecting tube 360.

The operation of the device is as follows, assuming the pipe 15 to be connected to a fuel tank, and the drain pipe 24 connected to a receptacle to receive any drainage or surplus fuel that may be present.

' The operator opens the fuel feed valve and permits fuel to flow through the well 21, filling the latter and over-flowing on to the flange 22. lVhen the flange 22 has been partly covered with fuel, any substance which will serve as a temporary wick is placed upon the flange 22 and when it has become saturated with the fuel is ignited to start the burner in operation. A satisfactory substance for this purpose is a piece of cloth which, when the liquid fuel has been consumed, is also consumed and disappears.

The burning of this fuel on the flange 22 serves to heat the parts and cause the fuel in the well 21 to first bubble out and then emerge in the form of a gas, meanwhile the products of combustion have warmed the stack to induce a draft which causes a flow of air through the inlet 8 and also through the tube passages 7 and up and across through pipe 10, and down through the gland 1 1 and through the tubes 360 and 35 the air passages 39 thus supplying the proper amount of-air for combustion of the fuel. The burner is regulated by turning on more or less fuel and by regulating the amount of air entering through the inlet 8, the latter regulation being accomplished through any suitable damper or other :controlling device not shown.

It will be noted that the arrangement of the tube and the upper end of the fuel tube 17 is such that as the air enters through this tube 35 it is deflected to pick up and thoroughly mix with the fuel which is entering the well through the slots 19 so that as the mixture of fuel and air leaves the well it is very nearly in proper condition for combustion, the additonal air required being supplied through the slots 39 of the cap 3?.

To prevent the possibility of the fuel igniting in the we'll, and passing up through the tube 35, the larger tube 360 is placed above this tube and the downward movement of the air prevents back firing and causes all of the fuel and air from the well. to pass out through the opening between the washer 32 and collar 36.

It is to be noted that the arrangement of the skirt 38 is such that each smaller one is raised above the next flange and the shape of the upper portion of the well 21 in con nection with the shape of the lower portion of the burner cap is such that the combustion spaces increase outwardly from the tube 35 until the combustion space reaches a diameter slightly greater than the largest portion of the well 21 after which the combustion spaces decrease in vertical height. The result of this construction is that as the products of combustion leave the burner cap 3?, they are directed outwardly at a considerable speed so that they tend to strike the the pot about opposite cap 37. As the products of combustion rise, the horizontal portion of the pipe 10 is heated directly so that this pipe delivers its air to the gland 14 in a heated condition. In addition to the heating of the air just described, a prior heating occurs fromthe radiation by the fire pot and also the traveling of the heat from the horizontal portion of the pipe 10 to the vertically arranged sides thereof.

Should the flame be extinguished and the burner parts become cool while the fuel is still turned on, the well 21 would become filled with fuel which would over flow on to the flange 22- which would in turn become filled and over-flow into the pan 23, from which the excess of fuel will be drained through the pipe 2 1. It is to be noted that the outlet from the pan 23 is a short distance above the lowest portion thereof to the end that some of the over flow fuel will remain in this pan to supply additional generating fuel in the next starting flame of the burner.

During the operation of the burner the down draft produced by the air passing through the slots 39, throws the flame against the flange 22 and upper portion of the well 21 thereby keeping these parts thoroughly heated and the reversal of the flame as well as its natural upward tendency thoroughly heats the burner cap 87, the amount of the heating of these parts being such that there is no accumulation of carbon on either the burner cap or the flange 22 or well 21.

Under ordinary conditions of use, all of the parts shown in the drawing are usually mounted within a drum or other structure,

and ordinarily the dome 2 is the termination of any one of a number of suitable radiators to the end that the heat of the products of combustion will be extracted before the products of combustion pass through the stack, tho these parts are not shown as they form no part of my present invention.

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim:

1. In a burner, the combination of a burner base, a fuel delivery passage thereto,

a cap portion mounted above the base portion, means for delivering air downwardly to the cap portion, and a plurality of concentric skirts depending from the lower face of the cap portion for distributing air downwardly to promote combustion of fuel.

2. In a burner a combination of a burner base, a fuel delivery passage for delivering fuel to the base portion, a cap portion, an air delivery passage for delivering air to the cap portion, a tube for delivering air from the cap portion to the base portion, and a plurality of depending skirts for directing and distributing additional air downwardly to promote combustion of the fuel.

3. In a burner the combination of a base portion provided with a fuel receiving well, a fuel delivery passage for delivering fuel to the well, a cap portion mounted above the base portion, and a plurality of depending skirts carried by the cap portion for directing and distributing air downwardly to promote combustion of the fuel after fuel leaves the well of the base portion.

4;. In a burner the combination of a base, a fuel vaporizing well in the base, a fuel delivery passage leading into the well, an air admitting passage leading into the well, a fuel and air passage leading out of the well, a cap portion mounted above the base portion, an air delivery passage leading to the cap portion and to the air passage leading into the well of the base portion, and air passages through the lower portion of the cap portion for distributing additional air downwardly to promote combustion on the upper surface of the base portion to maintain a fuel vaporizing temperature within the well of the base portion.

5. In a burner the combination of a base portion, a fuel vaporizing well carried thereby, a fuel delivery passage leading into the well, an air passage leading into the well, a fuel and air passage leading from the well and discharging upwardly, a cap mounted above the base portion, an air passage leading to the cap and to the air passage to the well, air passages through the cap and surrounding the air passage leading to the well and for downwardly directing additional air to promote combustion, the under surface of the cap being concaved to co-operate with the upper surface of the base to form a combustion chamber.

6. In a burner the combination of a base portion, a cap portion, a fuel passage for delivering fuel to the burner, an air passage for delivering air to the cap portion, a plurality of skirts depending from the cap portion and having the lower edges reduced to comparative thinness, air passages leading from the cap portion to the spaces between the skirts whereby the air delivered will be directed downwardly in a plurality of substantially concentric sheets.

SHERMAN G. LONG. 

